See crosse on Wiktionary
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"expansion": "crosse (plural crosses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"en:Lacrosse"
],
"glosses": [
"A lacrosse stick."
],
"links": [
[
"lacrosse stick",
"lacrosse stick"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "lacrosse stick",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "lacrosse stick",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosóg"
}
],
"word": "crosse"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Germanic languages",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Golf",
"fr:Hockey",
"fr:Lacrosse"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crosse de fougère"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "crossa"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"crosse",
"crosse#Middle_French"
],
[
"crosse",
"crosse#Old_French"
],
[
"*krukkju",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krukkju"
],
[
"*krukjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō"
],
[
"krucka",
"krucka#Old_High_German"
],
[
"krukka",
"krukka#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"crucke",
"crucke#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"crutch",
"crutch#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "crosse",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French crosse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "crosse"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French crosse",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crosse",
"t": "shepherd's staff"
},
"expansion": "Old French crosse (“shepherd's staff”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krukkju"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krukkju",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krukjō",
"t": "staff, crutch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krukjō (“staff, crutch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krucka"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krucka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "krukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon krukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crutch"
},
"expansion": "English crutch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French crosse, from Old French crosse (“shepherd's staff”), from a Germanic language, likely Frankish *krukkju, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krukjō (“staff, crutch”).\nCompare Old High German krucka, Old Saxon krukka, Middle Dutch crucke, English crutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosse f (plural crosses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"butt (of rifle etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"butt",
"butt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stick"
],
"links": [
[
"stick",
"stick"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crosier"
],
"links": [
[
"crosier",
"crosier"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French French",
"fr:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"hockey stick, lacrosse stick, or golf club"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"hockey stick",
"hockey stick"
],
[
"lacrosse stick",
"lacrosse stick"
],
[
"golf club",
"golf club"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(France, sports) hockey stick, lacrosse stick, or golf club"
],
"tags": [
"France",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lacrosse"
],
"links": [
[
"lacrosse",
"lacrosse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lacrosse"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian French",
"French informal terms",
"French uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"fraud, a swindle (usually as de la crosse)"
],
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"swindle",
"swindle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, uncountable, informal) fraud, a swindle (usually as de la crosse)"
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"feminine",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian French",
"French vulgarities"
],
"glosses": [
"masturbation"
],
"links": [
[
"masturbation",
"masturbation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, vulgar) masturbation"
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"feminine",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʁɔs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Ltrlg-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-crosse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Ltrlg-crosse.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-crosse.wav.mp3",
"note": "Shawinigan",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-crosse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-crosse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-crosse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-crosse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-crosse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-crosse.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Bananax47-crosse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-crosse.wav.mp3",
"note": "Agen",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-crosse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-crosse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "crosse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "crosse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cross"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of cross"
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "crosse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Walloon entries with incorrect language header",
"Walloon feminine nouns",
"Walloon lemmas",
"Walloon nouns",
"Walloon terms derived from Frankish",
"Walloon terms derived from Latin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pice-crosse"
},
{
"word": "cache-ås-crosses"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"crusta",
"crusta#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin crusta.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"10": "{{{plural2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "plural",
"8": "crosses",
"9": "",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "crosse f (plural crosses)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosse f (plural crosses)",
"name": "wa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crust (outer layer of bread and pastry)."
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʀɔs/"
}
],
"word": "crosse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Walloon entries with incorrect language header",
"Walloon feminine nouns",
"Walloon lemmas",
"Walloon nouns",
"Walloon terms derived from Frankish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crossete"
},
{
"word": "crossî"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*krukkju",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krukkju"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krukkju"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krukkju",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *krukkju.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"10": "{{{plural2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "plural",
"8": "crosses",
"9": "",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "crosse f (plural crosses)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosse f (plural crosses)",
"name": "wa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crook, crosier."
],
"links": [
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"crosier",
"crosier"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crutch."
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"butt."
],
"links": [
[
"butt",
"butt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʀɔs/"
}
],
"word": "crosse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crosse meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.